隨著陸地(di)油(you)(you)氣(qi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)不斷枯(ku)竭,海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)油(you)(you)氣(qi)開發特別是深海(hai)油(you)(you)氣(qi)開發已(yi)成為(wei)世界能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)開發的(de)(de)(de)主要領域。據(ju)統計,世界海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)石油(you)(you)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)占全球石油(you)(you)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)34%,其蘊(yun)藏量(liang)1000多億(yi)(yi)噸;我(wo)國海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)石油(you)(you)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)探明儲量(liang)約(yue)300億(yi)(yi)噸,天然氣(qi)約(yue)20萬億(yi)(yi)立方米。中(zhong)國南海(hai)石油(you)(you)地(di)質儲量(liang)約(yue)為(wei)250~300億(yi)(yi)噸,占中(zhong)國油(you)(you)氣(qi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)1/3,屬(shu)于世界四大海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)油(you)(you)氣(qi)聚集中(zhong)心之一。
現在人們(men)常說的(de)“海洋(yang)(yang)工程(cheng)”,主要(yao)限于海洋(yang)(yang)油氣鉆采(cai)(cai)裝置(平臺)、海洋(yang)(yang)鉆采(cai)(cai)裝置的(de)配套設備、海洋(yang)(yang)工程(cheng)船。其“海洋(yang)(yang)油氣鉆采(cai)(cai)裝置(平臺)”成(cheng)為“海洋(yang)(yang)工程(cheng)”的(de)重要(yao)標志。
海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)工程用(yong)鋼主要分為海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)平臺(tai)用(yong)鋼、海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)能源設備(bei)(bei)用(yong)鋼和海(hai)(hai)底油氣管(guan)線(xian)(xian)用(yong)鋼三大類。目前我國海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)平臺(tai)用(yong)鋼年需求總量在350萬(wan)噸(dun)以(yi)上,其中(zhong)海(hai)(hai)底管(guan)線(xian)(xian)用(yong)鋼超過30萬(wan)噸(dun)。我國海(hai)(hai)上風電設備(bei)(bei)年用(yong)鋼量也在100萬(wan)噸(dun)以(yi)上。
鋼(gang)管(guan)在海洋(yang)工(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)十分普(pu)遍,大體系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong),大致分為三種類(lei)型:功(gong)能系(xi)(xi)(xi)統用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)管(guan)(包括常(chang)規系(xi)(xi)(xi)統和(he)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)管(guan))、結構(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)管(guan)和(he)特(te)(te)殊用(yong)(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)管(guan)。目(mu)前鋼(gang)管(guan)行業常(chang)說的(de)(de)(de)“海洋(yang)工(gong)程用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)”,主要是指第二類(lei)結構(gou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)樁(zhuang)腿(tui)半(ban)弦管(guan)及(ji)其支撐管(guan)、導管(guan)架、水下鋼(gang)樁(zhuang)、隔水套管(guan)和(he)第三類(lei)特(te)(te)殊用(yong)(yong)(yong)途鋼(gang)管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)海底管(guan)線(xian)管(guan)等(deng)。
我國海(hai)洋(yang)工(gong)程用鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)雖然(ran)起步較晚,但在十(shi)多年的發展中已經(jing)取得了很大的進步。天津(jin)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、寶鋼(gang)、衡陽(yang)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、珠江鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、寶雞鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、渤海(hai)裝備等企業,已經(jing)開發并批(pi)量(liang)生產(chan)出海(hai)底管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、樁腿(tui)半(ban)弦管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)及其支撐管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、隔水套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、水下鋼(gang)樁、等產(chan)品(pin),部分品(pin)種可以(yi)完全滿(man)足國內的需求,為(wei)我國海(hai)洋(yang)的開發做出了重要的貢獻(xian)。

