1. 延(yan)遲焦化裝置工藝流(liu)程簡介
焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)過(guo)程是以渣(zha)油等(deng)重質油為原料(liao)，在高溫(wen)（500～550℃）下進(jin)行深度熱裂(lie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)應(ying)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)熱加(jia)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程。在焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技術(shu)發(fa)展的(de)(de)過(guo)程中，曾經出現過(guo)多種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)業形式，其中一些已經被(bei)淘汰(tai)，目(mu)前(qian)主要存在的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業形式是延遲焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、流化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和靈(ling)活(huo)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。世界上85％以上的(de)(de)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理都屬延遲焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)類型(xing)，只有少數國家（如美國）的(de)(de)部分煉油廠采用流化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和靈(ling)活(huo)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。流化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是20世紀50年代開發(fa)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)技術(shu)，與延遲焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)相比(bi)，具有反(fan)應(ying)溫(wen)度高，液體收率高、焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭及(ji)氣體收率較低的(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)。流化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)從20世紀70年代后很少建設(she)。靈(ling)活(huo)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是在流化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)基礎上發(fa)展的(de)(de)，它是由渣(zha)油流化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)床焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭汽化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)組成的(de)(de)聯(lian)合工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程。
國外延遲焦(jiao)化技術以美國為代表(biao)，比較(jiao)成熟(shu)的有凱洛格(ge)（KKellogg.g）公(gong)司(si)(si)、魯姆(mu)斯(si)（ABB Lummus Grest）公(gong)司(si)(si)、大陸（Conoco）石油(you)公(gong)司(si)(si)和(he)福斯(si)特(te)·惠(hui)(hui)勒（Foster Wheeler）公(gong)司(si)(si)的技術，從(cong)近(jin)幾年設計的延遲焦(jiao)化裝置的套數、液體產(chan)品(pin)收率和(he)公(gong)用(yong)工(gong)程消耗等方(fang)面來(lai)看(kan)，福斯(si)特(te)·惠(hui)(hui)勒公(gong)司(si)(si)的技術占(zhan)有一定的優勢。
焦化(hua)工(gong)(gong)藝是重(zhong)要的渣油熱(re)加工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)，包括(kuo)延遲(chi)焦化(hua)、流化(hua)焦化(hua)、靈活焦化(hua)等多種工(gong)(gong)藝過程(cheng)，如圖5-144所示(shi)。
2. 某工程延(yan)遲焦化布置實(shi)例（圖5-145）
圖5-145 某(mou)工程延(yan)遲焦化布置實例
