工業(ye)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，是由管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)(jian)、管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吊架(jia)等組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，用(yong)以輸送、分配、混(hun)合、分離、排放、計量或(huo)(huo)控制流體流動。管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)(jian)用(yong)于(yu)連接或(huo)(huo)裝配成(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)元件(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括(kuo)管(guan)(guan)子（PiPipe)e）、管(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)、法蘭、墊片、緊固件(jian)(jian)、閥(fa)門(men)以及管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊件(jian)(jian)等。管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊件(jian)(jian)指(zhi)非(fei)普通標準組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)(jian)，系(xi)按(an)工程(cheng)設(she)計條件(jian)(jian)特(te)殊制造的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括(kuo)膨脹節、補償器、特(te)殊閥(fa)門(men)、爆炸片、阻(zu)火器、過(guo)濾器、撓(nao)性接頭(tou)及軟管(guan)(guan)等。管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吊架(jia)，用(yong)于(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)或(huo)(huo)約束(shu)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)位移的(de)(de)各種(zhong)結構(gou)的(de)(de)總(zong)稱，但不包(bao)括(kuo)土建結構(gou)。管(guan)(guan)子只是管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)一部分，當管(guan)(guan)子與管(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)、閥(fa)門(men)和其他機械(xie)設(she)備連接，并由支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吊架(jia)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承時(shi)，才被稱為管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。

  工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)管(guan)道器(qi)材(cai)是整個管(guan)道設(she)計過程的(de)基礎部(bu)分，它直接影響到(dao)管(guan)道系統乃(nai)至(zhi)整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)裝(zhuang)置的(de)安全性、可靠(kao)性和經(jing)濟性。工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)管(guan)道器(qi)材(cai)在(zai)石(shi)油(you)、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、石(shi)油(you)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、電力、輕紡、船(chuan)舶、制藥等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)部(bu)門的(de)管(guan)道裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)所占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)例很大(da)。在(zai)石(shi)油(you)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生產裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)，管(guan)道材(cai)料中(zhong)各主要項目費用所占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)例如圖16.1所示(shi)。

工業(ye)管道常用材料分類(lei)見表16.2。