國內外不銹鋼標準都規定了鋼材熱處理后的室溫力學性能。由于化學成分、熱處理制度、取樣方法和試驗方法等存在差異,所以各標準規定的力學性能指標也是有差異的。但是在化學成分和試樣處理基本相同的情況下,性能指標還是大體相同的。
從(cong)各標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)看,我(wo)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和日(ri)本(ben)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定的(de)力學(xue)性(xing)能(neng)是(shi)鋼(gang)材本(ben)體(ti)或(huo)試樣毛(mao)(mao)坯熱處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)。實際上我(wo)國(guo)的(de)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)棒材一般是(shi)用試樣毛(mao)(mao)坯熱處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)測定性(xing)能(neng)。而ISO、EN和DIN、BS等標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)以(yi)及ASTM大部分標(biao)(biao)準(zhun),規(gui)定的(de)是(shi)鋼(gang)材熱處(chu)理(li)(li)本(ben)體(ti)的(de)性(xing)能(neng),鋼(gang)材熱處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)直(zhi)接在材上取樣進行檢驗(yan),只有沉(chen)淀硬化鋼(gang)的(de)時效性(xing)能(neng)和馬(ma)氏體(ti)鋼(gang)的(de)淬火回火性(xing)能(neng)是(shi)用試驗(yan)毛(mao)(mao)坯熱處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)進行檢驗(yan)。另外,EN標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)還規(gui)定了各類鋼(gang)在高溫(100~550℃)下的(de)Rp0.2的(de)值。
關于(yu)拉伸(shen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規定采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)定標(biao)(biao)距(ju)長度,一般規定Lo=50mm(2in.),ISO、EN、DIN等標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規定采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)例(li)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),一般常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Lo=5.65?So短(duan)(duan)比(bi)例(li)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),但(dan)厚度小(xiao)于(yu)3mm的(de)板帶材采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)Lo=80mm;JIS標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)短(duan)(duan)比(bi)例(li)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)或Lo=50mm試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang);我國采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Lo=5.65/So短(duan)(duan)比(bi)例(li)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),個別標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)如鋼絲、外科(ke)植入物(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不銹鋼材,則采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了與國外標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)相同標(biao)(biao)距(ju)長度的(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。
關于硬度試(shi)驗,ISO、EN、DIN等(deng)標(biao)準規定(ding)除(chu)奧氏體(ti)鋼外(wai),一般都做硬度試(shi)驗,ASTM、JIS和(he)我國(guo)標(biao)準都規定(ding)有硬度試(shi)驗,其中JIS標(biao)準規定(ding)測(ce)定(ding)指標(biao)最多,包括HB、HV、HRB等(deng),我國(guo)標(biao)準也采用了JIS標(biao)準的規定(ding)。
ASTM鋼板(ban)(帶(dai))標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),各標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)不同,對奧(ao)氏(shi)體或鐵素體、馬氏(shi)體等各鋼類板(ban)、帶(dai)規定(ding)了冷彎試驗,JIS和(he)我國標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對馬氏(shi)體和(he)鐵素體鋼板(ban)(帶(dai))規定(ding)了冷彎試驗。

