輥式冷彎成型是以金屬薄板或帶卷為原料，并通過多架裝配了具有一定形狀的成型輥對坯料逐架次進行彎曲變形，從而得到均一最面的產品的塑性加工方法。

  一(yi)般每架成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機裝有一(yi)對或多(duo)對成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥，每列成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機組由(you)兩架以上(shang)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機組線(xian)。在(zai)(zai)輥式(shi)冷(leng)彎成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)過程中(zhong)只有彎曲(qu)(qu)變(bian)形。除坯料(liao)彎曲(qu)(qu)角(jiao)局部有輕微(wei)減薄(bo)外，變(bian)形材料(liao)的(de)厚度(du)在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)過程中(zhong)保持不變(bian)。這種加(jia)工(gong)(gong)方法特別(bie)適(shi)合于外形縱長、批量較大的(de)高精度(du)產品的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，此(ci)外，在(zai)(zai)輥式(shi)冷(leng)彎成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)過程中(zhong)，可以很容(rong)易地將(jiang)沖裁(cai)、打孔、壓印、縱彎等輔助加(jia)工(gong)(gong)引入(ru)進來。

  輥(gun)式(shi)冷彎成型工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)四種(zhong)，即單張(zhang)（或(huo)單件）成型工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、成卷(juan)成型工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、連續成型工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和(he)聯合加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。每一種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)都(dou)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)3個階段，即成型前(qian)坯料準備階段、成型加工(gong)(gong)階段、型材精整階段。

  單張(zhang)(zhang)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)就是預定(ding)尺坯(pi)料的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)方法。這種(zhong)(zhong)方法在(zai)坯(pi)料成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)之前將坯(pi)料切(qie)(qie)成(cheng)(cheng)定(ding)尺長度(du)，然后用(yong)(yong)送料輥(gun)將坯(pi)料送進成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)，成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)后的(de)(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)材(cai)不必(bi)經剪切(qie)(qie)即可收集入(ru)庫。采用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)的(de)(de)(de)速度(du)一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)15~75m/min.這種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)藝(yi)主(zhu)要應用(yong)(yong)于小批量、成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)后型(xing)(xing)材(cai)鋸切(qie)(qie)比較(jiao)困難的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)。采用(yong)(yong)單張(zhang)(zhang)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)設備較(jiao)簡單、工(gong)具費用(yong)(yong)少、投資低。但用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)(zhong)生產(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)得到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)材(cai)邊部(bu)縱向拉伸(shen)較(jiao)大，因而(er)只有利用(yong)(yong)側立輥(gun)才(cai)能得到(dao)比較(jiao)精確的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品形。

  成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)連續成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)基本相同，所不同的(de)是(shi)連續成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)時前一卷(juan)帶材(cai)的(de)尾部與(yu)后一卷(juan)帶材(cai)的(de)頭部經(jing)過齊對(dui)焊(han)，使坯(pi)料帶材(cai)連續不斷地進(jin)人成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機進(jin)行成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卷(juan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)時帶卷(juan)頭尾不對(dui)焊(han)，進(jin)行單(dan)卷(juan)供料成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)。與(yu)單(dan)張成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)相比，這(zhe)兩種成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)更加(jia)高(gao)效、高(gao)產(chan)、通(tong)用。這(zhe)兩種成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)主要優點是(shi)：

①. 帶卷成本(ben)低、切損少(shao)，因而降低了(le)材料總(zong)成本(ben)。

②. 由于需要的成(cheng)型機架數少(shao)且不需要額(e)外的導衛裝置，因(yin)而工(gong)具成(cheng)本低。

③. 可以(yi)加工形狀比單張成型工藝更復雜(za)的(de)型材(cai)。

④. 型材(cai)的頭尾部扭曲及張開度減小。

⑤. 由于操(cao)作幾(ji)乎是(shi)連(lian)續(xu)的，因而生產率得到提高。

  但這兩種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)藝(yi)需(xu)要開卷機(ji)、活(huo)套器、對(dui)焊機(ji)、定(ding)尺飛(fei)鋸或飛(fei)剪等輔助設(she)備，因而其(qi)機(ji)組設(she)備投資較(jiao)大、占地較(jiao)大。成(cheng)(cheng)型機(ji)組的成(cheng)(cheng)型速度(du)一般為30~90m/min.目前投產(chan)的絕大多數輥(gun)式冷彎成(cheng)(cheng)型機(ji)組均(jun)是(shi)采用這兩種(zhong)工(gong)藝(yi)，因此后面將以這兩種(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)型工(gong)藝(yi)為例(li)進行重(zhong)點闡述，圖(tu)(tu)5-1給出了其(qi)工(gong)藝(yi)流程示意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)。

  聯合加工工藝用于(yu)加工具有特定要求的(de)冷彎型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)，如高強(qiang)度冷彎型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)、閉口焊接(jie)冷彎型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)、熱處理強(qiang)化(hua)冷彎型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)、周(zhou)期波紋板沖孔冷彎型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)，涂(tu)層(ceng)冷彎型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)等。聯合加工成型(xing)(xing)機(ji)組的(de)設(she)(she)備最復雜、投(tou)資最高。根據產品的(de)要求這種機(ji)組可包(bao)括如下(xia)設(she)(she)備：直(zhi)縫(feng)焊機(ji)、對焊機(ji)、輥(gun)式(shi)沖孔機(ji)、輥(gun)式(shi)壓印機(ji)、涂(tu)層(ceng)機(ji)、熱處理設(she)(she)備等。

 輥(gun)式(shi)冷彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)是用一(yi)(yi)組成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)將(jiang)帶(dai)材(cai)逐漸壓彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)所需的(de)斷(duan)面型(xing)(xing)材(cai)，現(xian)以冷彎(wan)角鋼(gang)為例，圖(tu)5-2是由4個(ge)機(ji)架(jia)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)輥(gun)式(shi)冷彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)機(ji)組，第一(yi)(yi)機(ji)架(jia)完成(cheng)(cheng)帶(dai)材(cai)的(de)平整(zheng)和(he)送進工作，第二～第四機(ji)架(jia)各承(cheng)擔(dan)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)壓彎(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)任務，使(shi)帶(dai)材(cai)通過(guo)后(hou)被彎(wan)曲壓制成(cheng)(cheng)角型(xing)(xing)材(cai)。每(mei)一(yi)(yi)對成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)輥(gun)所分擔(dan)的(de)彎(wan)曲變(bian)形量(liang)，決定(ding)了該(gai)機(ji)架(jia)孔型(xing)(xing)設(she)計的(de)基本(ben)尺寸。不過(guo)至今的(de)孔型(xing)(xing)設(she)計主要還是依靠經驗的(de)積累(lei)，尚缺乏理論解析方法。