靜(jing)電(dian)是(shi)指工業(ye)靜(jing)電(dian)，即在(zai)生產(chan)、儲運過程中在(zai)物料、裝置、人體、器材和構筑物上產(chan)生和積累起(qi)來的靜(jing)電(dian)。

  兩(liang)種不同性質的(de)物體(ti)相互摩(mo)擦(ca)，緊密接觸或(huo)迅速剝(bo)離都會產生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其是一個物體(ti)失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶(dai)有正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)，另一個物體(ti)得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)。如果該物體(ti)與大地絕緣，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)無法泄(xie)漏，停留在(zai)物體(ti)的(de)內部或(huo)表面而(er)呈相對(dui)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)止狀態，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)就稱(cheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。可燃(ran)化工物料、油品(pin)(pin)等在(zai)收發、輸轉、灌裝(zhuang)過程中，物料分子(zi)之間(jian)和其他(ta)物質之間(jian)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)，會產生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)隨(sui)著摩(mo)擦(ca)的(de)加劇而(er)增(zeng)大，如不及時導除，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)增(zeng)高到一定程度時，就會在(zai)兩(liang)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)之間(jian)閃火(huo)（即靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）而(er)引起油品(pin)(pin)爆炸著火(huo)。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)高越(yue)容(rong)易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)高低(di)或靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量大(da)小主要與下(xia)列(lie)因素有關：管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)內(nei)介質流速(su)越(yue)(yue)(yue)快(kuai)，摩擦越(yue)(yue)(yue)劇烈，產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高；空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)干燥(zao)，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)不容(rong)易(yi)(yi)從空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)消除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)升高；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)內(nei)壁越(yue)(yue)(yue)粗糙，油(you)(you)品流經(jing)的(de)(de)彎(wan)頭閥門越(yue)(yue)(yue)多(duo)，產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高；油(you)(you)品含水時，比(bi)不含水分產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高幾倍到(dao)幾十倍；非金(jin)屬管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)，如橡膠、塑料等管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)比(bi)金(jin)屬管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)更容(rong)易(yi)(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)上濾(lv)網(wang)(wang)其柵網(wang)(wang)越(yue)(yue)(yue)密，產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高。綢(chou)氈過濾(lv)網(wang)(wang)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)更高；空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)溫度較(jiao)高（22～40℃），空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)相(xiang)對濕度在(zai)13％～24％時，極易(yi)(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；在(zai)相(xiang)同條件下(xia)，輕質燃(ran)料油(you)(you)比(bi)潤滑油(you)(you)易(yi)(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)的(de)危害有(you)三(san)種：一是(shi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)引(yin)(yin)起爆炸和火災，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)的(de)能(neng)(neng)量雖然不大，但(dan)因其電(dian)壓很(hen)高且易放(fang)電(dian)出現靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)火花；二是(shi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)擊(ji)，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)電(dian)擊(ji)雖然不會(hui)致(zhi)人(ren)死亡，但(dan)是(shi)往往會(hui)導致(zhi)二次事故，因此也要加以防范；三(san)是(shi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)影(ying)響(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)儀器(qi)設備的(de)正常運行或降低(di)產(chan)品的(de)質量。此外，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)還會(hui)引(yin)(yin)起電(dian)子自動元件的(de)誤操作。