給排(pai)(pai)水(shui)系統的合理設置及給排(pai)(pai)水(shui)管(guan)道的管(guan)材、防腐、閥(fa)門等(deng)的合理選擇(ze)，防止了(le)地下水(shui)和土壤受到污染(ran)，保(bao)證了(le)石油化(hua)工企業(ye)安(an)全運行(xing)。埋地給排(pai)(pai)水(shui)管(guan)道用的管(guan)材應根(gen)據內水(shui)壓力、流量、環境介質(zhi)(zhi)及管(guan)材材質(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)綜合因素確定。

 1. 給排水系統(tong)

  石化(hua)給(gei)排水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一般可分(fen)為(wei)給(gei)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和排水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。給(gei)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包(bao)括生活給(gei)水(shui)(shui)、生產給(gei)水(shui)(shui)、循環水(shui)(shui)、消防水(shui)(shui)及(ji)回用水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。排水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可分(fen)為(wei)含油污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、清凈雨水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、生活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等。

   ①. 含(han)油(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)主要排放(fang)各生產裝置、輔助設(she)施排出(chu)的(de)含(han)油(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，含(han)油(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)過(guo)排污(wu)(wu)井或漏斗(dou)收集，重力流進入隔油(you)(you)池，預處(chu)理后(hou)由泵提升至廠區(qu)內污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理場處(chu)理達標后(hou)排放(fang)。裝置污(wu)(wu)染區(qu)15min 前(qian)的(de)初期(qi)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)也進入含(han)油(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)。

   ②. 生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)污水系統(tong)主要(yao)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)裝置污染區15min以后的后期雨水，通過明溝收(shou)集進入生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)污水系統(tong)，經泵加壓提升(sheng)至污水處理(li)場(chang)處理(li)達標后排(pai)(pai)放(fang)。

   ③. 清凈雨水系統為廠區道路雨水，通(tong)過管道收集后進入雨水調峰池(chi)，經監測無污染后可直接外排或處理后再(zai)利用(yong)。

   ④. 生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)來自廁所、食堂、浴室生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，經化(hua)糞(fen)池(chi)后壓(ya)力排往污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理場的生化(hua)池(chi)。生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)需(xu)單獨收(shou)集，個別(bie)生活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)需(xu)排入生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、含油污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)時，在接入前需(xu)設水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)封設施，以防(fang)止生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)的有害(hai)氣體竄(cuan)入生活(huo)設施。

 2. 管材選用

  除生(sheng)活給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)室(shi)內(nei)部(bu)分(fen)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)料管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)(wai)，其余(yu)給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)一般(ban)(ban)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。含油(you)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、生(sheng)產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)建議(yi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輸送(song)(song)流(liu)體用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，也有的采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)壓流(liu)體輸送(song)(song)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)一般(ban)(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)球磨(mo)鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)，承插(cha)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。球墨(mo)鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)耐(nai)腐蝕性能較強、管(guan)(guan)(guan)壁較厚、對管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)基礎(chu)的要求較低(di)(di)、施工費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)。生(sheng)活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)室(shi)內(nei)部(bu)分(fen)一般(ban)(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)建筑排水(shui)(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)，粘(zhan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)；室(shi)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)分(fen)一般(ban)(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)壓流(liu)體輸送(song)(song)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，以避免過路(lu)時生(sheng)活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)被壓損。鋼(gang)骨架增強塑(su)料復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)作(zuo)為新型管(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)，具有機械(xie)強度(du)高、耐(nai)溫性能好、雙面防腐、節能等優(you)點，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于絕(jue)大部(bu)分(fen)石(shi)油(you)化工給(gei)埋地排水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地下(xia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)材(cai)料的選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)見表4.3.32。

 3. 防(fang)腐蝕設(she)計

  給排(pai)水管(guan)道(dao)(dao)外(wai)(wai)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)好壞直接影響管(guan)道(dao)(dao)壽命，因此根據(ju)(ju)實際(ji)情況選擇合適防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)方案及等級是非常重要的(de)(de)。根據(ju)(ju)SH／T 3022《石(shi)油(you)化(hua)工(gong)設備和管(guan)道(dao)(dao)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)料防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)設計標準》，埋地管(guan)道(dao)(dao)外(wai)(wai)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)可(ke)采用(yong)石(shi)油(you)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)漆、環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)煤瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)漆、聚乙(yi)烯膠黏(nian)帶(dai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)。石(shi)油(you)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層結(jie)構成本(ben)低，但(dan)需(xu)在施工(gong)現場(chang)加熱(re)石(shi)油(you)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)，且對(dui)環(huan)(huan)境有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)污染(ran)，已漸漸淡出市場(chang)。聚乙(yi)烯膠黏(nian)帶(dai)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)層防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)性能優(you)異，但(dan)其成本(ben)高、施工(gong)工(gong)藝較復雜(za)、焊縫處易形(xing)成空鼓、補(bu)口操作(zuo)復雜(za)。環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)煤瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)層結(jie)構成本(ben)較聚乙(yi)烯膠黏(nian)帶(dai)低，具有(you)一(yi)次成膜(mo)厚、耐酸堿、施工(gong)簡單(dan)等優(you)點，一(yi)般選用(yong)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)煤瀝(li)(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)漆進(jin)行(xing)(xing)埋地管(guan)道(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)。管(guan)道(dao)(dao)穿井壁處需(xu)設置防(fang)(fang)水套管(guan)，防(fang)(fang)止管(guan)道(dao)(dao)泄漏。