當不銹鋼管浮銹較厚,首先用錘子等敲擊手動工具除掉鋼管表面上的厚銹,使銹層脫落。然后使用鋼絲刷、鋼砂布或鏟刀等手工工具刮或磨,除掉表面上所有銹蝕層,待露出金屬本色后再用棉紗拉、刷干凈。
動(dong)(dong)力工具(ju)為由動(dong)(dong)力驅動(dong)(dong)的(de)旋(xuan)轉方式或沖擊式除(chu)銹工具(ju),如可以使(shi)用圓盤狀的(de)鋼(gang)絲刷(shua)(shua)。鋼(gang)絲刷(shua)(shua)通過軟軸有電動(dong)(dong)機驅動(dong)(dong)。如圖 2-1所(suo)示,鋼(gang)絲刷(shua)(shua)的(de)直徑(jing)根據(ju)不同(tong)的(de)清(qing)洗管(guan)徑(jing)而更換,清(qing)洗管(guan)段可長達12米。

圖 2-2 所示為離心式(shi)鋼管除銹(xiu)機(ji),可同時清除不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼管內外壁(bi)的(de)氧(yang)化皮或疏松的(de)銹(xiu)。該機(ji)是利用離心力的(de)原理制成的(de)。主要機(ji)件(jian)有鋼管小車、砂輪機(ji)架(jia)、傳動機(ji)構及手(shou)動卷楊機(ji)等。

除(chu)銹不銹鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)用(yong)吊(diao)車(che)安(an)放在(zai)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)小(xiao)車(che)上(shang),在(zai)小(xiao)車(che)的(de)(de)尾部用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)絲繩(sheng)直(zhi)接通過輕(qing)便鐵軌(gui)上(shang)的(de)(de)導(dao)向滑(hua)輪與(yu)手(shou)動卷楊機(ji)相連。小(xiao)車(che)上(shang)安(an)裝1.7KW電動機(ji),經減速器用(yong)鏈條帶動托輥使管(guan)子轉(zhuan)動,轉(zhuan)速為15~20r/mm。在(zai)臥(wo)裝砂輪機(ji)圓盤(pan)鋼(gang)(gang)絲刷的(de)(de)摩擦作用(yong)下,去(qu)除(chu)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)外壁的(de)(de)銹蝕(shi)。臥(wo)裝砂輪和(he)圓盤(pan)鋼(gang)(gang)絲刷裝在(zai)砂輪機(ji)架上(shang)。
當電動(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)動(dong)時(shi),通過(guo)十字(zi)接頭帶動(dong)主傳動(dong)軸(zhou),主傳動(dong)軸(zhou)通過(guo) 2~3 副滾珠(zhu)軸(zhou)承,支(zhi)撐在套(tao)(tao)管(guan)(guan)里,套(tao)(tao)管(guan)(guan)支(zhi)撐在裝有托輥(gun)的活動(dong)小車(che)上(shang),主傳動(dong)軸(zhou)的端部兩(liang)塊鋼絲刷緊密的接觸管(guan)(guan)壁,摩擦管(guan)(guan)壁鐵(tie)銹,同時(shi)壓縮(suo)空氣管(guan)(guan)將(jiang)除(chu)下的氧化鐵(tie)銹隨時(shi)吹出管(guan)(guan)外。整個管(guan)(guan)子(zi)的移動(dong),進或退,是以 800~1000 mm/min的速度推動(dong)鋼管(guan)(guan)小車(che)在輪(lun)軌上(shang)行駛來實(shi)現的。
操作時,兩手(shou)搖卷(juan)揚機,使(shi)鋼(gang)管(guan)小(xiao)車移到(dao)管(guan)端(duan),進(jin)入主(zhu)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)鋼(gang)絲刷的(de)(de)同時開動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)兩電(dian)機及壓縮空氣閥門,開始除銹(xiu)(xiu)。這(zhe)時主(zhu)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)滾珠軸(zhou)承支(zhi)撐在不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)里(li),這(zhe)個活動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)滾珠軸(zhou)承不管(guan)鋼(gang)管(guan)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、前(qian)進(jin)或后(hou)退,它(ta)都可以四(si)面八方(fang)隨著轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),而且當(dang)作傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)一(yi)個支(zhi)點。管(guan)子(zi)再向(xiang)前(qian)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時,活動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)門形支(zhi)架倒下,活動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小(xiao)車靠管(guan)子(zi)的(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)它(ta)的(de)(de)前(qian)進(jin)。除銹(xiu)(xiu)到(dao)頭時,手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)卷(juan)揚機倒轉,管(guan)子(zi)后(hou)退,再次除一(yi)遍銹(xiu)(xiu)。這(zhe)一(yi)過程歷時約15分鐘。
采用離心(xin)式(shi)鋼(gang)管除銹機可比人工、噴(拋)射(she)除銹提(ti)高工效5倍,并保證清除質量。不(bu)銹鋼管表(biao)面上動力工(gong)具不能達到的地方,可以用(yong)手動工(gong)具做補充處(chu)理。如果用(yong)沖擊式工(gong)具除銹時,不應造成鋼管的損傷;用(yong)旋轉(zhuan)式工(gong)具除銹時,不宜將表面磨得過光。

